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By the courtesy of the Acting Superintendent of Census, Mr. George W. Richards, I am permitted to lay before the Conference, in printed form, some of the results reached in the investigation of which I have had the general oversight, in connection with the present census. This investigation is now nearly completed. The full tables, including many equally important to which no allusion is here made, will be published by the government, with a text and illustrations, and can be obtained only through United States senators and members of Congress.
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NUMBER INCLUDED IN THE ENUMERATION, JUNE 1, 1880.
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The following table gives the total number of those enumerated as belonging to the defective, dependent, and delinquent classes. The number stated as inmates of benevolent institutions is only approximately correct, the exact number having not yet been ascertained. The same uncertainty necessarily exists as to the total number. From the total, as here stated, must be deducted the duplications (persons belonging to more than one class, e.g., insane in almshouses etc.), of whom there are about 21,000 or 22,000, which would make the total of all classes about 445,000.
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| | NATIVE WHITE. | | FOREIGN WHITE. | | COLORED. | |
| Total. | Male. | Female. | Male. | Female. | Male. | Female. | |
| Insane | 91,959 | 29,134 | 30,511 | 12,450 | 13,708 | 2,807 | 3,349 |
| Idiots | 76,895 | 37,108 | 26,225 | 2,320 | 1,663 | 5,881 | 3,698 |
| Blind | 48,928 | 17,923 | 15,128 | 4,984 | 3,243 | 3,841 | 3,809 |
| Deaf and dumb | 33,878 | 14,879 | 12,425 | 1,894 | 1,463 | 1,794 | 1,423 |
| Paupers (out-door) | 21,695 | 7,581 | 8,085 | 1,649 | 2,013 | 1,060 | 1,207 |
| Paupers (in almshouses) | 66,203 | 19,186 | 18,417 | 13,490 | 9,393 | 2,888 | 2,829 |
| In benevolent institutions | 54,816 | 21,602 | 24,426 | 2,801 | 4,445 | 762 | 780 |
| Prisoners | 58,609 | 28,048 | 1,708 | 10,056 | 2,049 | 15,500 | 1,248 |
| Juveniles in reformatories | 11,468 | 7,453 | 1,787 | 789 | 191 | 1,016 | 232 |
| Total | 464,351 | 182,914 | 138,712 | 50,433 | 38,168 | 35,549 | 18,575 |
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IN COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS CENSUSES
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Comparisons with any previous census are unsatisfactory and misleading, since far greater pains has been taken in the present census than ever before to obtain a complete enumeration of these special classes. As convenient for reference, however, a comparative statement is here given. The lines and columns which are blank represent particulars not contained in the published volumes of the census. The insane were not separately enumerated in 1840, but the number stated as insane includes also the idiotic. No attempt has ever before been made to discriminate paupers in almshouses from the out-door poor.
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| Total. | Male. | Female. | Native. | Foreign. | White. | Colored. |
| INSANE. |
| Sixth-census (1840) | 16,804 | - | - | - | - | 14,508 | 2,296 |
| Seventh census (1850) | 15,610 | 7,899 | 7,711 | 13,559 | 2,051 | 14,972 | 638 |
| Eighth census (1860) | 24,042 | 11,847 | 12,195 | 18,258 | 5,784 | 23,276 | 766 |
| Ninth census (1870) | 37,432 | 18,219 | 19,213 | 26,205 | 11,227 | 35,610 | 1,822 |
| Tenth census (1880) | 91,959 | 44,391 | 47,568 | 65,625 | 26,334 | 85,803 | 6,156 |
| IDIOTS. |
| Seventh census (1850) | 15,787 | 9,149 | 6,638 | 15,187 | 600 | 14,257 | 1,530 |
| Eighth census (1860) | 18,930 | 11,080 | 7,850 | 17,809 | 1,121 | 16,952 | 1,978 |
| Ninth census (1870) | 24,527 | 14,485 | 10,042 | 22,882 | 1,645 | 21,324 | 3,203 |
| Tenth census (1880) | 76,895 | 45,309 | 31,586 | 72,888 | 4,007 | 67,316 | 9,579 |
| BLIND. |
| Fifth census (1830) | 5,444 | - | - | - | - | 3,974 | 1,470 |
| Sixth census (1840) | 7,016 | - | - | - | - | 5,024 | 1,992 |
| Seventh census (1850) | 9,794 | 5,455 | 4,339 | 8,993 | 801 | 7,978 | 1,816 |
| Eighth census (1860) | 12,658 | 7,227 | 5,431 | 10,874 | 1,784 | 10,729 | 1,929 |
| Ninth census (1870) | 20,320 | 11,343 | 8,977 | 17,043 | 3,277 | 16,966 | 3,354 |
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| DEAF AND DUMB. |
| Fifth census (1830) | 5,444 | - | - | - | - | 5,363 | 743 |
| Sixth census (1840) | 7.016 | - | - | - | - | 6,684 | 981 |
| Seventh census (1850) | 9,794 | 5,418 | 4,385 | 9,299 | 504 | 9,136 | 667 |
| Eighth census (1860) | 12,821 | 7,124 | 5,697 | 11,759 | 1,062 | 11,856 | 965 |
| Ninth census (1870) | 16,205 | 8,916 | 7,289 | 14,869 | 1,336 | 14,907 | 1,298 |
| Tenth census (1880) | 33,878 | 18,567 | 15,311 | 30,507 | 3,371 | 10,661 | 3,217 |
| PAUPERS. |
| Seventh census (1850) | 50,353 | - | - | 36,916 | 13,437 | - | - |
| Eighth census (1860) | 82,842 | - | - | 50,483 | 32,459 | - | - |
| Ninth census (1870) | 76,737 | - | - | 53,939 | 22,798 | 67,337 | 9,400 |
| Tenth census (1880) | 87,798 | 45,854 | 41,944 | 61,253 | 25,545 | 79,814 | 7,984 |
| PRISONERS. |
| Seventh census (1850) | 6,737 | - | - | 4,326 | 2,411 | - | - |
| Eighth census (1860) | 19,086 | - | - | 10,143 | 8,943 | - | - |
| Ninth census (1870) | 32,901 | - | - | 24,173 | 8,728 | 24,845 | 8,056 |
| Tenth census (1880) | 58,609 | 53,604 | 5,005 | 45,802 | 12,807 | 41,861 | 16,748 |
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NUMBER BY STATES.
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| States and Territories | Insane. | Idiots. | Idiots.-sic- -Blind?- | Deaf and dumb. | Paupers in almshouses | Out-door poor | In benevolent institutions | Prisons | Juvenile delinquents |
| The United States | 91,959 | 76,895 | 48,928 | 33,878 | 21,595 | 66,203 | 54,816 | 58,609 | 11,468 |
| Alabama | 1,521 | 2,223 | 1,399 | 693 | 279 | 514 | - | 1,353 | - |
| Arizona | 21 | 11 | 27 | 7 | - | 4 | - | 67 | - |
| Arkansas | 789 | 1,374 | 972 | 489 | 85 | 105 | - | 756 | - |
| California | 2,503 | 507 | 644 | 382 | 77 | 1,594 | - | 2,647 | 165 |
| Colorado | 99 | 77 | 104 | 85 | 1 | 46 | - | 380 | - |
| Connecticut | 1,723 | 817 | 613 | 565 | 381 | 1,418 | - | 718 | 429 |
| Dakota | 72 | 80 | 63 | 63 | 24 | - | - | 60 | - |
| Delaware | 198 | 269 | 127 | 84 | 3 | 387 | - | 81 | - |
| District of Columbia | 938 | 107 | 164 | 169 | - | 184 | 381 | 168 |
| Florida | 253 | 369 | 215 | 118 | 62 | - | 45 | 269 | - |
| Georgia | 1,697 | 2,433 | 1,634 | 819 | 728 | - | 550 | 1,809 | - |
| Idaho | 16 | 23 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 7 | - | 32 | - |
| Illinois | 5,134 | 4,170 | 2,615 | 2,202 | 591 | 3,684 | - | 3,320 | 217 |
| Indiana | 3,548 | 4,725 | 2,238 | 1,764 | 913 | 3,052 | - | 1,613 | 463 |
| Iowa | 2,544 | 2,314 | 1,310 | 1,052 | 968 | 1,165 | - | 803 | 257 |
| Kansas | 1,000 | 1,083 | 748 | 651 | 220 | 355 | - | 1,295 | - |
| Kentucky | 2,784 | 3,513 | 2,116 | 1,275 | 693 | 1,366 | - | 1,398 | 223 |
| Louisiana | 1,002 | 1,053 | 845 | 524 | 141 | - | - | 1,066 | 144 |
| Maine | 1,542 | 1,325 | 797 | 455 | 1,706 | 1,505 | - | 405 | 116 |
| Maryland | 1,857 | 1,319 | 946 | 671 | 147 | 1,187 | - | 1,259 | 759 |
| Massachusetts | 5,127 | 2,031 | 1,733 | 978 | 954 | 4,533 | - | 3,576 | 726 |
| Michigan | 2,796 | 2,181 | 1,289 | 1,166 | 554 | 1,746 | - | 1,912 | 314 |
| Minnesota | 1,145 | 729 | 448 | 500 | 269 | 227 | - | 426 | 112 |
| Mississippi | 1,147 | 1,579 | 1,071 | 606 | 202 | 345 | - | 1,311 | - |
| Missouri | 3,310 | 3,372 | 2,258 | 1,598 | 321 | 1,477 | - | 2,041 | 247 | |
| Montana | 59 | 15 | 12 | 9 | - | - | - | 76 | - |
| Nebraska | 450 | 356 | 220 | 287 | 53 | 113 | - | 374 | - |
| Nevada | 31 | 18 | 24 | 10 | 1 | 95 | - | 199 | - |
| New Hampshire | 1,056 | 703 | 412 | 221 | 839 | - | 1,198 | 269 | 111 | |
| New Jersey | 2,405 | 1,056 | 829 | 527 | 518 | 2,462 | - | 1,573 | 438 |
| New Mexico | 153 | 122 | 358 | 70 | 37 | - | - | 40 | - |
| New York | 14,055 | 6,084 | 5,013 | 3,762 | 2,817 | 12,452 | - | 8,728 | 3,842 | |
| North Carolina | 2,028 | 3,142 | 1,873 | 1,032 | 668 | 1,275 | - | 1,570 | - |
| Ohio | 7,286 | 6,460 | 2,960 | 2,301 | 489 | 6,974 | - | 2,538 | 1,051 | |
| Oregon | 378 | 181 | 87 | 102 | 31 | 51 | - | 233 | - |
| Pennsylvania | 8,304 | 6,491 | 3,884 | 3,079 | 2,502 | 9,184 | - | 4,833 | 814 | |
| Rhode Island | 684 | 234 | 300 | 150 | 27 | 526 | - | 317 | 180 | |
| South Carolina | 1,112 | 1,588 | 1,100 | 564 | 187 | 519 | - | 626 | - |
| Tennessee | 2,404 | 3,533 | 1,026 | 1,108 | 308 | 1,136 | - | 2,100 | 12 | |
| Texas | 1,564 | 2,276 | 1,375 | 771 | 322 | 210 | - | 3,163 | 8 | |
| Utah | 151 | 148 | 126 | 118 | 33 | - | - | 58 | - |
| Vermont | 1,015 | 803 | 486 | 212 | 908 | 655 | - | 258 | 149 | |
| Virginia | 2,411 | 2,794 | 1,710 | 998 | 1,015 | 2,117 | - | 1,543 | - |
| Washington | 135 | 47 | 47 | 24 | 6 | 11 | - | 81 | - |
| West Virginia | 982 | 1,367 | 625 | 520 | 486 | 711 | - | 389 | - |
| Wisconsin | 2,526 | 1,785 | 1,075 | 1,079 | 1,010 | 1,018 | - | 689 | 523 | |
| Wyoming | 4 | 2 | 4 | 11 | 9 | - | - | 74 | - |
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